feat(portal-bff): entra config foundation — boot validator + auth module (#102)

## Summary

First step of ADR-0009 wiring on the BFF: capture the Entra app-registration env vars in the boot pipeline so subsequent PRs can plug `@azure/msal-node` onto a typed, already-validated config without re-reading `process.env`. **No MSAL client, no OIDC routes, no session integration yet** — those land in follow-up PRs.

## What lands

- **[`.env.example`](apps/portal-bff/.env.example)** promotes the Entra block from its previous "future-vars" comment stub to an active section. Six keys:
  - `ENTRA_INSTANCE_URL` — the Microsoft login endpoint (e.g. `https://login.microsoftonline.com/`).
  - `ENTRA_TENANT_ID`, `ENTRA_CLIENT_ID`, `ENTRA_CLIENT_SECRET` — the values from the Entra app-registration UI.
  - `ENTRA_REDIRECT_URI`, `ENTRA_POST_LOGOUT_REDIRECT_URI` — consumed by the OIDC routes in a follow-up PR.

  Multi-tenant `ENTRA_ACCEPTED_TENANT_IDS` stays in the future-vars comment until External ID activation (ADR-0008 phase 2).

- **[`apps/portal-bff/src/config/check-entra-config.ts`](apps/portal-bff/src/config/check-entra-config.ts)** — boot-time validator mirroring `check-database-url.ts`. Verifies every required key is present, the instance URL is `https://` and ends with `/`, tenant + client IDs are UUIDs, none of them are the literal placeholder values from `.env.example`, and the two redirect URIs parse as URLs. Returns a typed `EntraConfig` object with a pre-computed `authority` field (`${instanceUrl}${tenantId}`) so the future MSAL factory does not re-derive it.

- **[`auth.module.ts`](apps/portal-bff/src/auth/auth.module.ts)** — `AuthModule` whose v1 surface is one provider: the parsed `EntraConfig` keyed by the `ENTRA_CONFIG` injection token. Factory delegates to `assertEntraConfig()`. Non-global on purpose — consumers state intent by importing the module.

- **Bootstrap wiring** — `main.ts` calls `assertEntraConfig()` alongside `assertDatabaseUrl()` so misconfiguration fails fast at boot rather than mid-request (per ADR-0018 §"BFF env-var loading"). `AppModule` imports `AuthModule`.

## Naming choice

Chose `ENTRA_*` rather than `AZURE_AD_*` to align with the ADR text (Microsoft Entra ID, post-2023 rebrand). The values you copy from the Entra app-registration UI go into `apps/portal-bff/.env` (git-ignored).

## Decisions worth flagging

- **Validator called twice** — once in `main.ts` (boot-time fail-fast) and once in the `AuthModule` factory (to obtain the value for DI). Both reads are idempotent and trivially cheap. The duplication is intentional: boot-time gives a clear, pre-NestFactory error; the factory call surfaces the typed value to consumers.
- **No `@azure/msal-node` dependency added yet** — introducing the dep without a consumer would be a smell. Lands in the next PR alongside the MSAL client factory.
- **Pre-computed `authority`** in the parsed config rather than letting each MSAL consumer concatenate `instanceUrl + tenantId`. One place to change if the multi-tenant authority (`/organizations`, `/common`) replaces the tenant-scoped one when External ID activates.

## Verification

- `nx run-many -t lint test build --projects=portal-bff` — green.
- **29 / 29 specs** (was 20; +9 from the new entra-config spec + auth.module spec).
- Boot smoke test (manual): with the placeholder values in `.env.example`, `nx serve portal-bff` aborts immediately with `ENTRA_CLIENT_ID is still the .env.example placeholder (…)`. With real values in a local `.env`, the BFF starts normally.

## Test plan

- [x] Lint + test + build green.
- [x] Validator unit-test covers happy path + every documented failure mode.
- [ ] Manual: drop the real Entra values you obtained into `apps/portal-bff/.env`, `nx serve portal-bff` boots clean.
- [ ] Manual: temporarily blank out one of the four `ENTRA_*` keys → BFF aborts at boot with a clear message naming the missing key.

## Next PRs on the auth track

1. Install `@azure/msal-node`, add the `MsalConfidentialClient` factory provider in `AuthModule`, expose it via DI.
2. First OIDC routes: `/api/auth/login` (PKCE-initiated redirect to Entra) + `/api/auth/callback` (token exchange + ID-token validation, audit-logged, no session persistence yet).
3. Session persistence per ADR-0010 (Redis + AES-GCM, `__Host-portal_session` cookie). Closes the auth loop.
4. RP-initiated logout, CSRF protection, route guards.

---------

Co-authored-by: Julien Gautier <julien.gautier@apf.asso.fr>
Reviewed-on: #102

apps/portal-bff/.env.example

@@ -34,16 +34,42 @@ OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_PROTOCOL=http/protobuf
 # Collector (per ADR-0012). Override only for spike investigations.
 OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER=always_on
 
+# Identity / Entra ID app registration (per ADR-0008 / ADR-0009)
+# Values come from the project's Entra application registration in the
+# Azure Admin Center → App registrations → APF Portal. The four
+# *_INSTANCE_URL / *_TENANT_ID / *_CLIENT_ID / *_CLIENT_SECRET keys
+# are mandatory; the BFF refuses to boot without them (see
+# apps/portal-bff/src/config/check-entra-config.ts).
+#
+# ENTRA_INSTANCE_URL is the Microsoft login endpoint — usually
+# https://login.microsoftonline.com/. The authority used by MSAL is
+# `${ENTRA_INSTANCE_URL}${ENTRA_TENANT_ID}` for single-tenant flows,
+# or `${ENTRA_INSTANCE_URL}organizations` / `common` for multi-tenant
+# (per ADR-0008's dual-audience design). v1 uses the tenant-scoped
+# authority; the multi-tenant switch lands when External ID activation
+# is needed.
+#
+# ENTRA_CLIENT_SECRET is the high-value secret of this set. Never
+# commit a real value. Production manages it via the deploy platform's
+# secret manager (future infrastructure ADR).
+ENTRA_INSTANCE_URL=https://login.microsoftonline.com/
+ENTRA_TENANT_ID=00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000
+ENTRA_CLIENT_ID=00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000
+ENTRA_CLIENT_SECRET=replace_with_real_value
+# Redirect URIs registered in Entra alongside the same client id. Both
+# `/auth/callback` and `/auth/logout` paths are mounted by the BFF
+# once the OIDC routes land in a subsequent PR.
+ENTRA_REDIRECT_URI=http://localhost:3000/api/auth/callback
+ENTRA_POST_LOGOUT_REDIRECT_URI=http://localhost:4200/
+
 # Future env vars introduced by upcoming phases / ADRs:
 #
-# Auth flow (ADR-0009):
-#   ENTRA_TENANT_ID
-#   ENTRA_CLIENT_ID
-#   ENTRA_CLIENT_SECRET   (or ENTRA_CLIENT_CERT_PATH)
-#   ENTRA_ACCEPTED_TENANT_IDS
-#   ENTRA_REDIRECT_URI
-#   ENTRA_POST_LOGOUT_REDIRECT_URI
-#   SESSION_SECRET
+# Auth flow (ADR-0009) — additional keys wired as the routes land:
+#   ENTRA_CLIENT_CERT_PATH          (alternative to ENTRA_CLIENT_SECRET)
+#   ENTRA_ACCEPTED_TENANT_IDS       (CSV; restricts which tenants can sign in
+#                                    in the multi-tenant phase — empty means
+#                                    "only ENTRA_TENANT_ID is accepted")
+#   SESSION_SECRET                  (cookie signing key, see Sessions below)
 #
 # Sessions (ADR-0010):
 #   REDIS_URL                       (or REDIS_SENTINEL_HOSTS + REDIS_SENTINEL_NAME)